List of Ukrainian rulers

For over 7000 years Ukraine has been a living space for many cultures and nations.

This list encompasses all rulers and leaders on Ukrainian territory, from ancient to modern times. It includes only local rulers whose seat of power was located in the modern Ukraine and only the rulers whose power was derived directly from the people of Ukraine at the time, and does not include the governors who received their authority from some foreign powers (as during Lithuanian, Polish, Hungarian, Austrian, and Russian overlordship).

This is not a list of sovereigns. Throughout its history Ukraine had various forms of governance from monarchies to democratic republics.

Contents

Antiquity (c. 500 BC – 16 BC)

Scythian kings

Main article: Scythia

Scythia was a loose state that originated as early as 8th century BC. Little is known of them and their rulers. Most detailed description came down to us from Herodotus.

Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus

Main article: Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus

The shores of Crimea were settled by Greeks since the 7th century BC. The kingdom was established around 480 BC. It was ruled by three consecutive dynasties: Archaeanactidae (480 BC – 438 BC), Spartocids (438 BC – 108 BC), and Pontids (108 BC – 16 BC). After Pontids the territory became a Roman client kingdom.

Pontids

Migration period (c. 200 – c. 800)

In Eastern Europe the The Great Migration Period kicked off with the descent of the Goths from the Baltic region into Ukraine, about AD 200. They either took over or assimilated with the local Slavic tribes. The Goths were in turn pushed out by aggressively encroaching Huns, about 375. The Goths went on to conquer Southern Europe and the Huns moved to the Balkans and created a Hunnic Empire which lasted for a hundred years. After splitting of the Empire, some of the Huns moved back north in the territories of Ukraine and formed Patria Onoguria, now known as Old Great Bulgaria. In the 7th century Onoguria largely defected to Khazaria – an expanding Turkic state centered in the North Caucuses which controlled the Eurasian steppe until the 9th century.

Gothic rulers

Main article: Chernyakhov culture

In 238, the Goths for the first time passed the Danube, and took to the Black Sea. The division of the Goths (Thervingi-Vesi and Greuthungi-Ostrogothi) is first attested in 291.

Tervingi

The Balti dynasty, Balth(e)s, Baltungs, or Balthings, existed among the Tervingi ("forest people"), called later the Visigothi. The names of the Drevlyans and the Gothic Tervingi in Ukraine have often been adduced as parallels to agac-ari ("forest men" in Turkic).

Greuthungi

The Amali dynasty, Amals, Amaler, or Amalings of the Greuthungi ("steppe dwellers" or "people of the pebbly coasts"), called later the Ostrogothi.

Hunnic rulers

Main article: Huns

Rulers of Patria Onoguria

Main article: Bulgars

According to Zakarius Rhetor and Priscus Rhetor, Patria Onoguria was a vulgar statelet in alliance with Byzantium established in 463 around Azov having been forced west upon the Akatziroi by the Sabirs who in turn were being attacked. Its 7th century period is commonly referred to as Old Great Bulgaria (~600–~690).

Khazar rulers

Main article: Khazars
Main article: Rus' Khaganate

Khazar Khaganate controlled much of what is today southern and eastern Ukraine until the 10th century.

Rulers of Kiev and Kievan Rus' (c. 375/800 – 1240/1362)

Main article: Grand Prince of Kiev
Main article: Kievan Rus'

Legendary and historical rulers of Kiev

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Bozh (Bož, Boz, Booz, Box), a king of Antes, the east Slavic people the 4th c. ? 376
Alyp-bi (Baltazár), the son of Balambér aka Bülümer, a khan of the Western Huns who was buried on Kuyantau mountain (current Kiev) the 4th c. 378 390
Kyi, a legendary founder of Kiev, a Slavic prince of Kuyavia, most likely eastern Polans the 5th–6th c. 482 ?
Oleg (Oldegar), probably of Danish or Swedish origin, an apocryphal Kiev voivode, under the overlordship of the Khazar Khaganate the 8th c. ? ?
Bravlin, probably of Swedish origin,[1] a Varangian voivode in the Rus' Khaganate the 8th–9th c. ca. 790 ca. 810
Askold (Höskuld) and Dir (Dyr),[2] probably of Swedish origin, Varangian konungs, not Rurikids, were rulers (khagans) of Kiev, not Kievan Rus'  ? - 882 ca. 842[3] 882

Pagan rulers of Kievan Rus'

The Rurikids were descendants of Rurik I, a Varangian pagan konung or chieftain, who was of Finno-Ugrian origin (haplogroup N1c1).[4]

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Oleg the Seer (Helgi)[5], Varangian konung of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kiev) ?-912 882 912
Igor I (Ingvar), the son of Rurik I ?-945 912 945
Olga (Helga) (regent), was baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kiev ?-969 945 962
Sviatoslav I (Sven)[6], the first true ruler of Rus' who destroyed the Khazar Khaganate and united all of the Rus' principalities under the Kiev throne 942–972 962 972
Yaropolk I (Jaropolk)[7], supposedly was baptised into Catholicism, and then was murdered by two Varangians 958 (960?)-980 972 980

Christian rulers of the Kievan Rus'

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Vladimir I the Great (Valdamarr), son of Sviatoslav I and Malusha, his early rule is characterized by a staunch pagan reaction but in 988 he was baptized into Orthodoxy and successfully converted Kievan Rus' to Christianity 958-1015 980 1015
Sviatopolk I the Accursed (Sventopluk),[8] son of Yaropolk I and a Greek nun 980-1019 1015 1019
Yaroslav I the Wise (Jarizleifr), son of Vladimir the Great (Valdamarr) and Rogneda of Polotsk (Ragnhild), Prince of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod, and Grand Prince of Kiev; during his reign Kievan Rus' reached the pinnacle of its power 978-1054 1019 1054
Iziaslav I of Kiev, son of Yaroslav and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden, first time 1024–1078 1054 1068
Vseslav I of Polotsk, son of Bryachislav of Polotsk and unknown mother, a brief ruler during Iziaslav's official reign 1039–1101 1068 1069
Iziaslav I of Kiev, second time 1024–1078 1069 1073
Sviatoslav II of Kiev (on picture, first from right), son of Yaroslav and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden 1027–1076 1073 1076
Iziaslav I of Kiev, third time, first King of Rus' (Pope Gregory VII sent him a crown from Rome in 1075) 1024–1078 1076 1078
Vsevolod I of Kiev, son of Yaroslav and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden 1030–1093 1078 1093
Sviatopolk II of Kiev, son of Iziaslav I and Gertrude of Poland 1050–1113 1093 1113
Vladimir II Monomakh, son of Vsevolod I and Anastasia of Byzantium, he is considered to be the last ruler of the united Kievan Rus' 1053–1125 1113 1125
Mstislav I the Great, known as Harald in the Norse Sagas, son of Vladimir II and Gytha of Wessex, after his reign Kievan Rus' fell into recession starting a rapid decline 1076–1132 1125 1132

Decline of Kievan Rus'

Main article: List of early East Slavic states

After the Council of Liubech in 1097 Kievan Rus' entered a feudal period and was divided into principalities ruled by the Rurikid family princes who were in a constant power struggle with each other. Major principalities were: Galicia-Volhynia, Kiev, Chernigiv, and Pereyaslavl. In the period of 1240–1362, the three latter ones were forced to accept the Golden Horde overlordship.

Grand Prince of Kiev

Princes of Pereyaslavl

Princes of Chernihiv

Kings and Princes of Galicia-Volhynia (1199–1349)

Main article: List of rulers of Galicia and Volhynia

Galicia-Volhynia was a Ruthenian (Ukrainian) state in Galicia and Volhynia. Depending on the title of the ruler it was called either principality or kingdom. The first king, Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria, was crowned in 1215, although the first nominal king of Galicia was Andrew II of Hungary, the son of Béla III of Hungary, who reigned from 1188 to 1190.

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Roman II the Great, Prince of Novgorod (1168–1170), Prince of Volhynia (1170–1188, 1189–1205), Prince of Halych (1188, 1199–1205), and Grand Prince of Kiev (1204–1205) fl.1160–1205 1199 1205
Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria, Hungarian prince Kálmán, Prince of Halych (1214–15), became the first anointed and crowned and King of Galicia-Volhynia (rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae) in 1215 1208–1241 1214 1219
Daniel I of Galicia, held many titles since early childhood culminating with the crowning by a papal legate, archbishop Opizo, in Dorohychyn in 1253, King of Rus', Grand Prince of Kiev 1201–1264 1205 1264
Lev I, King of Rus', Prince of Belz (1245–1264), Prince of Peremyshl and Halych (1264–1269) who moved the capital of Galicia from Kholm to Lviv in 1272, Grand Prince of Kiev (1271-1301) 1228–1301 1293 1301
Yuri I, King of Rus', Prince of Belz (1264–1301) fl.1252–1308 1301 1308
Andrew II and Lev II, Kings of Rus', princes, joint rule, the last members of the Rurikid dynasty to rule Ukraine ?–1323 1308 1323
Yuri II-Boleslaw, King of Rus', prince, a member of the Piast dynasty (Polish noble family) 1308–1340 1323 1340
Liubartas, prince, a member of the Gediminid dynasty, the last Ruthenian-Lithuanian ruler of Galicia-Volhynia, Prince of Volhynia (1323–1384) ca.1300–1384 1340 1349

In 1349, Liubartas lost all territories, except for eastern Volhynia, to Casimir III of Poland. In 1366, a Polish-Lithuanian treaty was signed: eastern Volhynia with Lutsk retained under Liubartas' rule (the Grand Duchy of Lithuania), while Galicia, western Volhynia, and western Podolia were annexed by the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.

In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1362–1569) and Kingdom of Poland (1569–1667/1793)

Princes of Kiev

In early 1320s, a Lithuanian army led by Gediminas defeated a Slavic army led by Stanislav of Kiev at the Battle on the Irpen' River, and conquered the city. The Tatars, who also claimed Kiev, retaliated in 1324–1325, so while Kiev was ruled by a Lithuanian prince, it had to pay a tribute to the Golden Horde. Finally, as a result of the Battle of Blue Waters in 1362, Kiev and surrounding areas were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

Voivodes of Kiev

Main article: Kiev Voivodeship

When the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was formed by the Union of Lublin in 1569, Kiev and surrounding areas, Podolia, Volhynia, and Podlaskie, as the Kiev Voivodeship, Bratslav Voivodeship, Volhynian Voivodeship, and Podlaskie Voivodeship, were transferred from Lithuania to Poland.

Crimean khans (1441–1783)

Main article: List of Crimean khans

Crimean Tatars were not of the Ukrainian ethnos. Their Crimean Khanate ruled a large part of modern Ukraine, with a capital at Bakhchisaray.

† The reigns of Canibek Giray in 1624 and of Maqsud Giray in 1771–1772 are not listed. Though these khans were formally appointed by Ottoman sultans they did not reach the throne and did not rule Crimea. In the years mentioned, the authority in the Crimean Khanate was exercised by Mehmed III Giray and Sahib II Giray correspondingly.

The nominal khans Şahbaz Giray (1787–1789) and Baht Giray (1789–1792) mentioned in some works are not listed in this table as they did not rule the Crimean Khanate annexed by Russian Empire in 1783.

Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks (1506–1775)

Main article: Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks

A Hetman was a military and civil leader, democratically elected by the Cossacks.

Hetmans and commanders of Ukrainian Cossacks

Several Cossack regiments were operating in Ukraine at this time that were largely independent of each other, so some of the Hetmans' tenures overlap.

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Przecław Lanckoroński, was a member of the Zadora Polish szlachta family and starosta of Khmilnyk  ?-1531 1506 1512
Ataman Ostap Dashkevych, was a commander of the Cossacks, sometimes referred to as Hetman 1495–1535 1506 1535
Dmytro Vyshnevetsky, the first to be officially and casually referred to as Cossack Hetman  ?-1553 1550 1553
Ivan Svirgovsky  ? 1567 1574
Ivan Pidkova, the first Hetman to be elected by the entire Sich, thus establishing the first direct democratic rule in modern Europe  ?-1578 1577 1578
Ivan Orishevsky  ? 1579 1591
Bogdan Mikoshinsky  ? 1586 1594
Kryshtof Kosynsky 1545–1593 1591 1593
Hryhory Loboda  ?-1596 1593 1596
Severyn Nalyvaiko  ?-1597 1596 1596
Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny 1570–1622 1614 1622
Mykhailo Doroshenko  ?–1628 1623 1628
Hryhoriy Chorny, elected by Registered Cossacks  ?-1630 1628 1630
Taras Fedorovych, elected by unregistered Cossacks  ?-1636 1629 1630
Ivan Sulyma  ?–1635 1630 1635
Dmytro Hunia  ? 1638 1638

Hetmans of the Cossack state

Following the Khmelnytsky uprising a new Cossack republic, the Hetmanate, was formed.

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the first sole ruler of the Ukrainian Cossack state who adopted the title of Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host 1595—1657 1648 1657
Ivan Bohun, was the Acting Hetman during the Battle of Berestechko  ?-1664 June 1651 June 1651
Ivan Vyhovsky, second Hetman of the Cossack Hetmanate, co-author of the Treaty of Hadiach signed in 1658, Voivode of Kiev (1660–1664)  ?-1664 21 October 1657 17 October 1659
Yurii Khmelnytsky, third Hetman of the Cossack Hetmanate who adopted the title of Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host and Prince of Sarmatia 1641–1685 17 October 1659 1663

Hetmans during the Ruin

The Ruin (1660–1687) was a time in Ukrainian history when the country fell into disarray and chaos. Afterwards, the Cossack state emerged as a vassal of the Russian Empire. During this period a number of hetmans stayed in power for short periods of time and often controlled only parts of the country. Moreover the Treaty of Andrusovo (1667) split the Cossack Hetmanate along the Dnieper River into Left-bank Ukraine, which enjoyed a degree of autonomy within the Tsardom of Russia; and Right-bank Ukraine which remained part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, at times (1672–1699) occupied by the Ottoman Empire.

Hetmans of Right-bank Ukraine

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Pavlo Teteria, succeeded Yurii Khmelnytsky as the first ruler of Right-bank Ukraine  ? – 1670 1663 1665
Petro Doroshenko, united Cossack state for a short period of time until accepting Ottoman suzerainty 1627 – 19 November 1698 10 October 1665 19 September 1676
Mykhailo Khanenko, proclaimed Hetman (1669) and nominated by the Polish authorities (1670) ca. 1620–1680 1669 1674
Yurii Khmelnytsky, nominated by the Ottomans in 1678, and re-instaled by the Poles in 1683 1641–1685 1678
1683		 1681
1683
Stepan Kunytsky, nominated by the Polish authorities ca. 1640–1684 1683 1684
Andriy Mohyla, nominated by the Polish authorities  ? – 1689 1684 1689
Samuel Samus, the Acting Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine ca. 1688 – ca. 1713 1692 1704

Hetmans of Left-bank Ukraine

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Yakym Somko, the Acting Hetman of the Left-bank Ukraine  ?—28 September 1664 1660 1663
Ivan Briukhovetsky, was a pro-Russian hetman of Left-bank Ukraine  ?- 1668 1663 1668
Petro Doroshenko 1627 – 19 November 1698 9 June 1668 1669
Demian Mnohohrishny, 1630–1701 1669 1672
Ivan Samoylovych 1630–1690 1672 1687

Hetmans after the Ruin and reunification of Ukraine (1687–1764/75)

Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until
Ivan Mazepa, Began a failed separatist movement against the majority of cossacks & Russia resulting in Ukraine's eventual annexation 1639–1709 1687 1709
Pylyp Orlyk, a very brief successor of Mazepa, an author of Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk, and the only hetman in exile 1672–1742 1709
1710 in exile		 1709
1742 in exile
Ivan Skoropadsky, pro-Russian Cossack colonel who refused to join Ivan Mazepa in 1708 1646–1722 11 November 1708 14 July 1722
Pavlo Polubotok, served as the Acting Hetman 1660?–1724 1722 1724
Danylo Apostol 1654–1734 1727 1734
Kirill Razumovsky, after his rule the territory of Ukraine came under the direct governance of the Russian Empire 1728–1803 1750 1764
Petro Kalnyshevsky, the last Koshovyi Otaman of the Zaporozhian Cossacks 1691–1803 1765 1775

In the Russian Empire (1667/1793–1917) and Austria-Hungary (1526/1772–1918)

After the dissolution of the Cossack Hetmanate, a new Malorossiyan collegium was established in 1764, and the Zaporozhian Host was disbanded in 1775. As a result of the second and third Partitions of Poland in 1793 and 1795, eastern and central parts of Ukraine were incorporated directly into the Russian Empire. Western Ukraine was annexed into the Habsburg Monarchy earlier, in the following order: Carpathian Ruthenia (1526), Galicia (1772), and Bukovina (1775).

The Russian Empire existed until 1917, and the Dual Monarchy, Austria–Hungary, existed until 1918.

Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1921)

Main article: List of national leaders of Ukraine

The Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR, 1917–1921) was formed after the Russian Revolution of 1917, and lasted until the Peace of Riga between Poland and Soviet Russia in March 1921. The leadership title varied and, despite a rather widespread misconception, none of them had the official title of president.

Chairmen of the Central Council

The Central Council (Tsentral’na rada) was the representative body governing the UNR.

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Mykhailo Hrushevskyi 1866–1934 27 March 1917 29 April 1918

Hetman of the Ukrainian State

A very short lived Hetmanate was established by Pavlo Skoropadskyi in 1918.

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Pavlo Skoropadskyi 1873–1945 29 April 1918 14 December 1918

Chairmen of the Directory

The Directorate of Ukraine was a provisional council of the UNR formed after Skoropadskyi's Hetmanate fell apart. On 22 January 1919, the Act of Unification of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic was passed. The text of the universal was made by the members of the Directory.

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Volodymyr Vynnychenko 1880–1951 14 December 1918 11 February 1919
Symon Petliura 1879–1926 11 February 1919 7 May 1921

West Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919)

The government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUNR) was proclaimed on 19 October 1918. WUNR was united with the Ukrainian People's Republic on 22 January 1919, although it was mostly a symbolic act while the western Ukrainians retained their own Ukrainian Galician Army and government structure. After the Polish-Ukrainian War (1918–1919), Poland took over most of territory of the West Ukrainian People's Republic by July 1919. Since November 1919, the government of the WUNR was in exile.

President of the Ukrainian National Republic

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Yevhen Petrushevych 1863–1940 19 October 1918 15 March 1923

Carpatho-Ukraine (1939)

President of the Carpatho-Ukraine

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Avgustyn Voloshyn 1874–1945 15 March 1939 16 March 1939

Ukrainian State (1941)

Prime Minister of the Ukrainian State

Portrait Name Born-Died In Office From In Office Until
Yaroslav Stetsko 1912–1986 30 June 1941 9 July 1941

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918/1921–1991)

Ukraine was incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on 30 December 1922.

Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine

First Secretary of the Central Committee

Executive Secretary of the Central Committee

First Secretaries of the Communist Party

General Secretaries of the Central Committee

First Secretaries of the Central Committee

Ukraine (1991 – present)

On 5 July 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR passed a law establishing the post of the President of the Ukrainian SSR. The title was changed to the President of Ukraine upon the proclamation of independence (24 August 1991). The first election of the President of Ukraine was held on 1 December 1991.

Presidents

# President Took office Left office Party Term
1 Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk 5 December 1991
Inauguration: 22 August 1992[c]		 19 July 1994 Non-partisan 1
2 Leonid Danylovych Kuchma 19 July 1994 14 November 1999 Independent / Non-partisan 2
14 November 1999 23 January 2005 3
3 Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko 23 January 2005 25 February 2010 People's Union "Our Ukraine" 4
4 Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych 25 February 2010 Incumbent Non-partisan[17]
(Supported by Party of Regions)		 5

See also

References

  1. ^ Staraya Ladoga (Aldeigjuborg)
  2. ^ Nordiska furstar lade grunden till Ryssland
  3. ^ Suszko, Henryk (2003). Latopis hustyński. Opracowanie, przekład i komentarze. Slavica Wratislaviensia CXXIV. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. ISBN 83-229-2412-7; Tolochko, Oleksiy (2010). The Hustyn' Chronicle. (Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature: Texts). ISBN 978-1-932650-03-7
  4. ^ DNA Testing of the Rurikid and Gediminid Princes
  5. ^ Sveerne
  6. ^ Leszek Moczulski, Narodziny Międzymorza, p.475, Bellona SA, Warszawa 2007, ISBN 978-83-11-10826-4
  7. ^ Ярополк is modern Ukrainian, Jaropełk is Polish, Jaropluk is Czech, Jaropelkas is Lithuanian, Iaropelkos is Greek, Jaropolk is German and Swedish.
  8. ^ The Old Slavonic is Свѧтопълкъ in the Cyrillic alphabet, the modern Ukrainian is Святополк, Polish is Świętopełk, Czech is Svatopluk, and Slovak is Svätopluk. Reconstructed, his name is Sventopluk. More commonly, his name is given in its Latin and Frankish equivalents: Suentopolcus, Suatopluk, Zventopluk, Zwentibald, Zwentibold, Zuentibold, or Zuentibald.
  9. ^ http://izbornyk.org.ua/dynasty/dyn29.htm
  10. ^ http://izbornyk.org.ua/dynasty/dyn40.htm
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Dimnik, Martin. The Dynasty of Chernigov – 1146–1246. 
  12. ^ Other source suggests that Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich ruled from 1181 ([1], retrieved on 13 April 2009), but his brother Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich became grand prince of Kiev in 1176 and promoted him to Chernigov; Dimnik, Martin op. cit. p 137.
  13. ^ a b A number of historians claim Igor Svyatoslavich died in 1202 ([2], retrieved on 13 April 2009); he most probably died in the spring of 1201, because most chronicles place the news of his death as the first entry for the year; Dimnik, Martin op. cit p. 237.
  14. ^ a b Some historians claim Gleb Svyatoslavich died in 1219 ([3], retrieved on 13 April 2009); he was last mentioned under 1215 and he died between 1215 and 1220; Dimnik, Martin op. cit p. 291.
  15. ^ Under the year 1261, the chronicles report that prince Vasilko Romanovich of Volodymyr-Volynskyi gave away his daughter Olga as wife to Andrey Vsevolodovich of Chernigov. Based on this report, some historians claim that Andrey Vsevolodovich was the prince of Chernigov between 1245 and 1261 ([4], retrieved on 13 April 2009). However, the chronicler's identification of Andrey as a prince of Chernigov merely signified that he was an Olgovich (a member of the dynasty of Chernigov); Dimnik, Martin op. cit p. 380.
  16. ^ The Lyubetskiy sinodik speaks of a certain "Lavrenty Vsevolod Yaropolchi"; R. V. Zotov suggests that Vsevolod succeeded Mikhail Vsevolodovich to Chernigov from 1246 to 1263(see also: [5], retrieved on 13 April 2009); the chronicles, however, do not support Zotov's assertions; Dimnik, Martin op. cit p. 380.
  17. ^ Янукович припинив членство у Партії регіонів : Новини УНIАН